![]() Correspondingly, trait optimism has been suggested to protect against developing depressive symptoms. The tendency of adopting a hopeful perspective for the future (without considering specific events) has been termed trait or dispositional optimism and is intimately related to coping behavior. Optimism refers to people’s outlook on the world, where they expect more favorable outcomes than unfavorable outcomes. ![]() Moreover, while the two biases looked similar at the behavioral level, they were related to distinct gray matter structures, proposing that their underlying mechanisms are not identical. Together, these findings suggest that parts of our optimistic outlook are biologically rooted. Social optimism bias correlated positively with GMV in the temporoparietal junction and negatively with GMV in the inferior temporal gyrus and pre-supplementary motor areas. Voxel-based morphometry revealed that personal optimism bias varied as a positive function of gray matter volume (GMV) in the putamen, frontal pole, hippocampus, temporal pole, inferior temporal gyrus, visual association areas, and mid-superior temporal gyrus. In this study, participants engaged in a soccer task and estimated the likelihood of successful passes in personal and social scenarios. While such biases are well established, little is known about their neuroanatomy. Individuals often anticipate an unrealistically favorable future for themselves (personal optimism bias) or others (social optimism bias).
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